手法を比較

	多群間クロスオーバー実験	クロスオーバーランダム化比較試験（Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial）
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Mid-20th century; multi-arm extensions formalized by 1970s–1980s	1960s (Grizzle 1965 for statistical foundations); widely used in clinical research since the 1970s
提唱者	Developed from early crossover trial methodology (Williams 1949; Cochran & Cox 1957)	Early formalized by statisticians including Bradford Hill and colleagues in clinical trials; theoretical framework developed by Grizzle (1965) and later Senn (2002)
種類	Within-subject experimental design with multiple treatment arms	Experimental within-subject design
原典	Jones, B., & Kenward, M. G. (2003). Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials (2nd ed.). Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584883869	Senn, S. (2002). Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471496533
別名	multi-arm crossover trial, multi-period multi-treatment crossover, CMAT, multi-treatment crossover experiment	crossover RCT, crossover trial, within-subject RCT, AB/BA crossover design
関連	5	5
概要	A crossover multi-arm experiment is a within-subject experimental design in which each participant receives three or more treatments (arms) across successive periods, with random assignment to sequence. Because every participant experiences all arms, the design eliminates between-subject variability from treatment comparisons, dramatically increasing statistical power for a given sample size. It is widely used in clinical pharmacology, psychology, agriculture, and behavioral research.	A crossover randomized controlled trial (crossover RCT) is an experimental design in which each participant receives all study interventions in a randomized sequence, separated by a washout period. Because every participant serves as their own control, within-subject variability is eliminated from the treatment comparison, yielding greater statistical power per participant than a parallel-group RCT of equal size.