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	クロス集計分析	記述統計
分野	統計学	統計学
系統	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1900	1977
提唱者	Karl Pearson	John W. Tukey
種類	Descriptive and inferential categorical analysis	Summary procedure
原典	Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine, 50(302), 157–175.	Tukey, J.W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 978-0201076165
別名	crosstab, contingency table analysis, two-way frequency table, bivariate frequency analysis	summary statistics, exploratory data summary, Betimsel İstatistik
関連	5	6
概要	Cross-tabulation analysis (contingency table analysis) is a foundational descriptive and inferential technique for examining the relationship between two or more categorical variables. It arranges observed frequencies into a table of rows and columns, enabling visual inspection of patterns and formal chi-square testing of independence between the variables.	Descriptive statistics is a set of procedures that numerically and visually summarises the essential characteristics of a dataset: central tendency (mean, median, mode), spread (standard deviation, interquartile range), shape (skewness, kurtosis), and frequency distributions. Systematised for applied data analysis by John W. Tukey in his 1977 work on Exploratory Data Analysis, descriptive statistics serves as the indispensable first step before any inferential or modelling procedure.