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	臨界安全性解析	放射性崩壊分析
分野	原子核物理学	原子核物理学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1938	1900
提唱者	Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann	Ernest Rutherford, Frederick Soddy
種類	safety assessment methodology	analytical process model
原典	American National Standards Institute (2019). Nuclear Criticality Safety in Operations with Fissionable Material Outside Reactors. ANSI/ANS-8.1-19.40.	Evans, R. D. (1955). The Atomic Nucleus. McGraw-Hill.
別名	nuclear safety assessment, chain reaction analysis, fissile material control	decay kinetics, radioactive decay modeling, half-life analysis
関連	5	5
概要	Criticality safety analysis is a systematic evaluation of fissile material systems to ensure nuclear chain reactions remain controlled, originating from Hahn and Strassmann's 1938 discovery of nuclear fission. It determines safe limits on fissile mass, concentration, geometry, and spacing using neutron transport calculations and experimental validation to prevent uncontrolled nuclear excursions in storage, processing, and transportation.	Nuclear decay analysis is the systematic study of radioactive transformation processes, originating from Rutherford and Soddy's work in the early 1900s. It quantifies the rate and modes of nuclear disintegration using decay constants, half-lives, and branching ratios to predict activity evolution, date samples via radiometric methods, and assess the long-term hazard from radioactive materials.