手法を比較

	臨界安全性解析	モンテカルロ中性子・粒子輸送
分野	原子核物理学	原子核物理学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1938	1949
提唱者	Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann	Nicholas Metropolis, Stanislaw Ulam
種類	safety assessment methodology	probabilistic computational method
原典	American National Standards Institute (2019). Nuclear Criticality Safety in Operations with Fissionable Material Outside Reactors. ANSI/ANS-8.1-19.40.	Metropolis, N., & Ulam, S. (1949). The Monte Carlo Method. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 44(247), 335–341.
別名	nuclear safety assessment, chain reaction analysis, fissile material control	Monte Carlo simulation, stochastic transport, particle history method
関連	5	5
概要	Criticality safety analysis is a systematic evaluation of fissile material systems to ensure nuclear chain reactions remain controlled, originating from Hahn and Strassmann's 1938 discovery of nuclear fission. It determines safe limits on fissile mass, concentration, geometry, and spacing using neutron transport calculations and experimental validation to prevent uncontrolled nuclear excursions in storage, processing, and transportation.	Monte Carlo neutron and particle transport is a stochastic simulation method that tracks individual particle histories through matter, developed by Metropolis and Ulam in 1949 during the Manhattan Project. By sampling random numbers to determine collision locations, energy transfers, and scattering angles, it produces unbiased estimates of reaction rates, flux distributions, and detector responses without discretizing angle or energy variables.