手法を比較

	クリティカル・オーラル・ヒストリー（Critical Oral History）	クリティカル・エスノグラフィー
分野	質的手法	質的手法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1970s–1990s (critical turn within oral history)	Late 20th century (~1980s–1993 systematisation)
提唱者	Alessandro Portelli; also Ronald Grele and the broader oral history movement	Jim Thomas (systematised); rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory (Adorno, Horkheimer) and feminist/postcolonial traditions
種類	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
原典	Portelli, A. (1991). The Death of Luigi Trastulli and Other Stories: Form and Meaning in Oral History. State University of New York Press. ISBN: 978-0791405703	Thomas, J. (1993). Doing Critical Ethnography. Sage Publications.
別名	critical oral inquiry, critical oral testimony research, critical oral narrative research, COH	critical ethnographic research, critical qualitative ethnography, advocacy ethnography, emancipatory ethnography
関連	5	6
概要	Critical oral history applies a critical theory lens to the collection and analysis of first-person spoken accounts of lived experience. It goes beyond preserving personal memory to interrogate how power, identity, race, class, gender, and structural inequality shape what is remembered, what is silenced, and how stories are told. Originating in the work of Alessandro Portelli and the critical turn in oral history from the 1970s onward, the approach treats oral testimony not simply as evidence of the past but as a site of meaning-making and political contestation.	Critical ethnography is a qualitative research approach that combines sustained fieldwork immersion with explicit critical theory to examine how power, inequality, and ideology shape the lived experiences of marginalised communities. Unlike conventional ethnography, which aims to describe a culture as it is, critical ethnography commits the researcher to questioning what is taken for granted and to producing knowledge that can serve as a resource for social change. Rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory and expanded through feminist, postcolonial, and race-critical traditions, it treats the research process itself as a political act.