手法を比較

	費用対効果分析 (CEA)	費用便益分析（CBA）
分野	医療経済学	医療経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1984	1970s
提唱者	Drummond & Stoddart (Health Economics Research Group, McMaster University)	Boardman, Greenberg, and colleagues (welfare economics)
種類	Method	Method
原典	Gold, M. R., Siegel, J. E., Russell, L. B., & Weinstein, M. C. (Eds.). (1996). Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press.	Boardman, A. E., Greenberg, D. H., Vining, A. R., & Weimer, D. L. (2018). Cost-Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice (5th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
別名	CEA, ICER, Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio	CBA, economic appraisal, benefit-cost ratio
関連	5	5
概要	Cost-effectiveness analysis compares the incremental cost per unit of health benefit gained by one intervention relative to a comparator (standard care or best alternative). Developed rigorously in the 1980s by Drummond, Stoddart, and colleagues, CEA is now the standard framework for technology appraisal globally. NICE, HAS, CADTH, and other health technology assessment bodies use CEA to decide which treatments warrant public funding and at what price.	Cost-benefit analysis compares the total monetary value of benefits produced by a program against its total monetary costs, reporting net present value (NPV) or benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Rooted in welfare economics and used extensively in public policy (transportation, environmental, education, health), CBA answers the question: 'Is this program worth doing from a societal perspective?' Unlike cost-effectiveness analysis, CBA monetizes both costs and benefits, enabling comparison across disparate program types.