手法を比較

	費用便益分析（CBA）	予算影響分析（BIA）
分野	医療経済学	医療経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1970s	2005
提唱者	Boardman, Greenberg, and colleagues (welfare economics)	Sullivan, Mauskopf, and colleagues (ISPOR task force)
種類	Method	Method
原典	Boardman, A. E., Greenberg, D. H., Vining, A. R., & Weimer, D. L. (2018). Cost-Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice (5th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.	Sullivan, S. D., Mauskopf, J. A., Augustovski, F., et al. (2014). Budget Impact Analysis—Principles of Good Practice: Report of the ISPOR 2012 Budget Impact Analysis Good Practice II Task Force. Value in Health, 17(1), 5-14.
別名	CBA, economic appraisal, benefit-cost ratio	BIA, financial impact assessment, budget consequence analysis
関連	5	5
概要	Cost-benefit analysis compares the total monetary value of benefits produced by a program against its total monetary costs, reporting net present value (NPV) or benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Rooted in welfare economics and used extensively in public policy (transportation, environmental, education, health), CBA answers the question: 'Is this program worth doing from a societal perspective?' Unlike cost-effectiveness analysis, CBA monetizes both costs and benefits, enabling comparison across disparate program types.	Budget impact analysis estimates the financial consequences (net costs or savings) of implementing a new health technology in a specific healthcare system or population over a short time horizon (typically 1–5 years). Distinct from cost-effectiveness analysis (which compares health outcomes per dollar), BIA answers a budgetary question: 'If we adopt this new drug/device, how much will it cost our health system next year?' Widely used by hospital procurement committees, insurance formularies, and government health budgets to assess financial feasibility and reimbursement decision.