手法を比較

	仮想評価法	Contingent Valuation Method
分野	経済学	経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1963	1963
提唱者	Robert Davis	Robert K. Davis (early use); methodology codified by the NOAA panel
種類	Stated preference valuation method	Survey-based stated-preference valuation method
原典	Mitchell, R. C., & Carson, R. T. (1989). Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Resources for the Future.	Hanemann, W. M. (1994). Valuing the environment through contingent valuation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(4), 19–43.
別名	CVM, Willingness-to-Pay Survey, WTP Elicitation	CVM, Stated-Preference Valuation, Willingness-to-Pay Survey, Survey-Based Non-Market Valuation
関連	3	2
概要	Contingent Valuation (CVM), developed by Robert Davis in the 1960s, is a survey-based method for estimating the economic value of non-market environmental goods and services—such as wilderness preservation, air quality, or species protection—by directly asking people their willingness to pay (WTP) for specified improvements or willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for losses. It provides a valuation where market prices do not exist.	The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a survey-based stated-preference technique for estimating the economic value people place on goods that are not traded in markets — clean air, an endangered species, a wilderness area, the existence of a natural resource. Respondents are presented with a carefully constructed hypothetical scenario and asked how much they would be willing to pay for a described change in provision; their answers are used to estimate mean or median willingness to pay, including non-use (existence) values that no market reveals.