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	Concentration Curve and Index	Gini Coefficient
分野	経済学	Sociology
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1991	1912
提唱者	Adam Wagstaff, Pierella Paci & Eddy van Doorslaer	Corrado Gini
種類	Bivariate inequality measure	Scalar measure of statistical dispersion / inequality
原典	Wagstaff, A., Paci, P., & van Doorslaer, E. (1991). On the measurement of inequalities in health. Social Science & Medicine, 33(5), 545–557.	Ceriani, L., & Verme, P. (2012). The origins of the Gini index: extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(3), 421–443.
別名	Health Concentration Index, Concentration Curve, Socioeconomic Inequality in Health Index, Wagstaff Index	Gini index, Gini ratio, Gini concentration ratio, G
関連	3	5
概要	The concentration curve and concentration index, established as the standard tools for measuring socioeconomic inequality in health by Wagstaff, Paci, and van Doorslaer in 1991, capture how a health variable is distributed across the population ranked by socioeconomic status. The concentration curve plots the cumulative share of health (or ill-health) against the cumulative share of people ordered from poorest to richest; the concentration index is twice the area between this curve and the line of equality. Unlike the Gini coefficient, which measures pure dispersion, the concentration index is bivariate — it measures inequality in one variable that is systematically related to a second, socioeconomic ranking.	The Gini coefficient is the most widely used single-number summary of inequality in a distribution such as income or wealth. Introduced by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912, it equals twice the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality, ranging from 0 when everyone has the same amount to a maximum approaching 1 when one unit holds everything.