手法を比較

	コンピュータ適応型テスト項目機能差 (CAT-DIF)	多群差項目機能 (MG-DIF)
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1990s–2000s	1980s-1990s
提唱者	Wainer, Zwick, and colleagues in the CAT and DIF literatures	Shealy & Stout (SIBTEST framework); Lord (IRT-based DIF)
種類	Item bias detection in adaptive testing	Measurement bias detection
原典	Zwick, R., Thayer, D. T., & Mazzeo, J. (1997). Describing and categorizing DIF in polytomous items. Journal of Educational Measurement, 34(4), 261–285.	Millsap, R. E. (2012). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728936
別名	CAT DIF analysis, adaptive test DIF, DIF in computerized adaptive testing, CAT item bias detection	MG-DIF, multi-group DIF, differential item functioning across groups, multiple-group DIF analysis
関連	6	6
概要	CAT-DIF identifies items in a computerized adaptive test that behave differently across demographic or group subpopulations after controlling for overall ability. Because adaptive algorithms select items non-randomly based on each examinee's estimated proficiency, standard DIF detection methods require adjustment before they can be validly applied in this context.	Multi-group differential item functioning examines whether test or scale items function equivalently across three or more distinct groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or country — after matching respondents on the underlying trait being measured. Items that behave differently across groups threaten fair measurement and valid score comparisons.