手法を比較

	Comparative Method (Historical Linguistics)	比較言語学的方法
分野	言語学	言語学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1861	1786
提唱者	Neogrammarians (Karl Brugmann, August Schleicher; building on Rasmus Rask, Jacob Grimm, Franz Bopp)	Sir William Jones
種類	Systematic comparison of cognates to reconstruct a proto-language and establish genetic relationship	Empirical process pipeline
原典	Campbell, L. (2013). Historical Linguistics: An Introduction (3rd ed.). Edinburgh University Press. ISBN: 9780748675593	Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
別名	Comparative Reconstruction, Comparative Linguistic Reconstruction, Method of Comparative Reconstruction	Historical Comparative Linguistics, Genetic Linguistics
関連	4	4
概要	The comparative method is the foundational technique of historical linguistics for demonstrating that languages are genetically related and for reconstructing their unattested common ancestor. By systematically comparing cognate words across related languages and uncovering the regular, recurring sound correspondences between them — exemplified by Grimm's Law in Germanic — analysts reconstruct the forms of the proto-language and the sound changes that produced each daughter, and on that basis build the family tree. It is a qualitative, evidence-driven method distinct from the generic logic of cross-case comparison: here the 'comparison' is of linguistic forms governed by the regularity of sound change.	The Comparative Method is a foundational technique in historical linguistics for reconstructing ancestral languages and establishing genetic relationships between related languages. Pioneered by Sir William Jones in 1786, it systematically compares phonological, morphological, and lexical features across languages to identify regular sound correspondences and trace their shared origins. This method underpins modern historical linguistics and has been essential for understanding language families worldwide.