手法を比較

	比較言語学的方法	内部再構
分野	言語学	言語学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1786	1891
提唱者	Sir William Jones	Henry Heffner Hock
種類	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline
原典	Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.	Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
別名	Historical Comparative Linguistics, Genetic Linguistics	Interlingual Reconstruction, Diachronic Morphology
関連	4	3
概要	The Comparative Method is a foundational technique in historical linguistics for reconstructing ancestral languages and establishing genetic relationships between related languages. Pioneered by Sir William Jones in 1786, it systematically compares phonological, morphological, and lexical features across languages to identify regular sound correspondences and trace their shared origins. This method underpins modern historical linguistics and has been essential for understanding language families worldwide.	Internal Reconstruction is a historical linguistic method that reconstructs earlier stages of a single language by identifying internal inconsistencies, morphological irregularities, and distributional patterns within the language itself. Unlike the Comparative Method, which relies on comparing related languages, Internal Reconstruction uses evidence from within one language—such as suppletive forms, analogy-induced irregularities, and phonological asymmetries—to infer its historical structure and sound changes. This method is particularly valuable when only one written form of a language survives or when related languages are unavailable.