手法を比較

	比較言語学的方法	コーパス言語学	方言計量学	内部再構
分野	言語学	言語学	言語学	言語学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1786	1980	1973	1891
提唱者	Sir William Jones	John Sinclair	Jean Seguy	Henry Heffner Hock
種類	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline
原典	Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.	Sinclair, J. M. (1991). Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.	Seguy, J. (1973). La dialectométrie dans l'étude de l'espace linguistique. Revue de Linguistique Romane, 37, 1-24.	Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
別名	Historical Comparative Linguistics, Genetic Linguistics	Corpus Analysis, Corpora Studies	Linguistic Distance Measurement, Quantitative Dialect Analysis	Interlingual Reconstruction, Diachronic Morphology
関連	4	1	1	3
概要	The Comparative Method is a foundational technique in historical linguistics for reconstructing ancestral languages and establishing genetic relationships between related languages. Pioneered by Sir William Jones in 1786, it systematically compares phonological, morphological, and lexical features across languages to identify regular sound correspondences and trace their shared origins. This method underpins modern historical linguistics and has been essential for understanding language families worldwide.	Corpus Linguistics is the study of language based on large, representative collections of texts (corpora) processed by computer. Pioneered by John Sinclair and others, the method uses statistical analysis, concordancing, and computational tools to examine patterns of actual language use. Corpus linguistics has transformed our understanding of English and other languages, revealing frequency patterns, collocation preferences, and register variation that were previously hidden. It serves theoretical linguistics, applied language teaching, and natural language processing.	Dialectometry is a quantitative method for measuring linguistic distances between dialects or languages using objective metrics applied to phonological, lexical, or phonetic data. Pioneered by Jean Seguy in 1973, dialectometry compares word lists, pronunciations, or phonetic transcriptions across speech varieties to calculate similarity scores. The resulting distance matrices and dendrograms reveal patterns of dialect relatedness and geographic or social clustering. This method complements traditional dialectology and contributes to historical linguistics and sociolinguistics.	Internal Reconstruction is a historical linguistic method that reconstructs earlier stages of a single language by identifying internal inconsistencies, morphological irregularities, and distributional patterns within the language itself. Unlike the Comparative Method, which relies on comparing related languages, Internal Reconstruction uses evidence from within one language—such as suppletive forms, analogy-induced irregularities, and phonological asymmetries—to infer its historical structure and sound changes. This method is particularly valuable when only one written form of a language survives or when related languages are unavailable.