手法を比較

	比較歴史アーカイブ研究	Oral History Method
分野	フィールド調査法	フィールド調査法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Late 19th century (archival foundations); mid-20th century (comparative systematic application)	1948 (systematic practice); broader theorisation 1970s–1990s
提唱者	Leopold von Ranke (archival history); Theda Skocpol, Barrington Moore (comparative-historical synthesis)	Columbia University Oral History Research Office (Allan Nevins); later theorised by Alessandro Portelli and Donald Ritchie
種類	Qualitative comparative research design	Qualitative historical-empirical method
原典	Skocpol, T. (1979). States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521294997	Ritchie, D. A. (2015). Doing Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199329960
別名	comparative-historical analysis, cross-national archival research, comparative archival history, CHAR	oral history research, life history interviewing, oral testimony research, OHM
関連	6	6
概要	Comparative historical archival research combines systematic examination of primary archival sources across two or more historical cases — nations, regions, institutions, or time periods — to identify causal patterns, structural similarities, and divergences that single-case histories cannot reveal. It is the method of choice when researchers want to explain why similar or different outcomes emerged across distinct historical contexts using documentary evidence.	The oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which researchers conduct in-depth, recorded interviews with individuals who have direct personal experience of a historical event, social process, or community life. It captures subjective perspectives, memory, and lived experience that written records rarely preserve, making it indispensable for recovering voices absent from official archives — particularly those of marginalised communities, minority groups, and ordinary people.