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| コホート研究× | 縦断研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野≠ | 疫学 | 研究デザイン |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) | Late 19th–early 20th century; methodologically codified through the 20th century |
| 提唱者≠ | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) | No single originator; foundational methodological treatments by Stuart Menard and Judith Singer & John Willett |
| 種類≠ | Observational longitudinal study design | Quantitative (or mixed) observational research design |
| 原典≠ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 | Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922841 |
| 別名 | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study | longitudinal study, longitudinal design, prospective longitudinal study, repeated-measures observational study |
| 関連≠ | 6 | 4 |
| 概要≠ | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. | Longitudinal research is an observational design in which the same participants, groups, or units are measured repeatedly over an extended period. Rather than capturing a single snapshot, it tracks change, stability, and temporal sequencing of variables — making it the primary non-experimental strategy for studying development, growth, decline, and the unfolding of causal processes across time. |
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