手法を比較

	Coalescent Theory	McDonald-Kreitmanテスト	Selection Sweep (Tajima's D)
分野	遺伝学	遺伝学	遺伝学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1982	1991	1989
提唱者	John Kingman	James McDonald & Martin Kreitman	Fumio Tajima
種類	Stochastic process model	Hypothesis test	Neutrality test
原典	Kingman, J. F. C. (1982). The coalescent. Stochastic Processes and their Applications, 13(3), 235–248.	McDonald, J. H., & Kreitman, M. (1991). Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. Nature, 351(6328), 652–654.	Tajima, F. (1989). Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics, 123(3), 585–595.
別名	Kingman Coalescent, n-coalescent	MK test, Positive selection test	Tajima's D test, Selective sweep analysis, Neutrality test
関連	4	4	4
概要	Coalescent theory is a probabilistic framework that traces the genealogical history of DNA sequences backward in time to their most recent common ancestor. Developed by John Kingman in 1982, this method forms the foundation of modern population genetics, enabling researchers to understand demographic events, estimate genetic parameters, and reconstruct evolutionary histories from modern genetic data.	The McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test is a statistical method for detecting adaptive evolution by comparing ratios of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions within and between species. Developed by James McDonald and Martin Kreitman in 1991, this test exploits the key insight that neutral mutations accumulate at similar rates within and between species, while adaptive (nonsynonymous) substitutions should be enriched between species if they have been fixed by positive selection. The MK test has become a standard tool in molecular evolutionary biology for identifying genes under natural selection.	Tajima's D is a statistical test designed to detect selective sweeps—recent, rapid fixation of advantageous mutations—from patterns of genetic variation in DNA sequences. Developed by Fumio Tajima in 1989, this test measures deviations from neutrality by comparing different measures of DNA sequence diversity. A significant Tajima's D value indicates departure from neutral evolution, suggesting positive selection, population structure, or demographic events.