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	Coalescent Theory	祖先状態復元
分野	遺伝学	遺伝学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1982	1991
提唱者	John Kingman	Wayne Maddison
種類	Stochastic process model	Inference method
原典	Kingman, J. F. C. (1982). The coalescent. Stochastic Processes and their Applications, 13(3), 235–248.	Maddison, W. P. (1991). Squared-change parsimony reconstructions of ancestral states for continuous-valued characters on a phylogenetic tree. Systematic Zoology, 40(3), 308–314.
別名	Kingman Coalescent, n-coalescent	ASR, Ancestral character reconstruction, Trait reconstruction
関連	4	3
概要	Coalescent theory is a probabilistic framework that traces the genealogical history of DNA sequences backward in time to their most recent common ancestor. Developed by John Kingman in 1982, this method forms the foundation of modern population genetics, enabling researchers to understand demographic events, estimate genetic parameters, and reconstruct evolutionary histories from modern genetic data.	Ancestral state reconstruction (ASR) is a phylogenetic method that infers the character states (trait values or evolutionary features) of extinct ancestors by analyzing patterns of variation in extant (living) species. Developed by Wayne Maddison and colleagues in the 1990s, ASR uses the phylogenetic tree and observed trait variation in living species to estimate what ancestors possessed, enabling researchers to trace the evolutionary history of morphological, behavioral, ecological, and genomic traits.