手法を比較

	クラスターランダム化実験室実験	ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1990s (formalized; cluster randomization principles developed in 1970s-1980s)	1948
提唱者	David M. Murray (group-randomized trial methodology); built on classical cluster sampling in experimental design	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
種類	Controlled laboratory experiment with cluster-level randomization	Interventional comparative study
原典	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120363	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
別名	cluster-randomized lab experiment, group-randomized laboratory study, cluster RCT laboratory variant, clustered lab trial	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
関連	6	7
概要	A cluster randomized laboratory experiment assigns intact groups — such as lab sections, cohorts, or naturally formed teams — rather than individual participants, to experimental conditions. All participants within a cluster receive the same treatment. The design is used when individual randomization would cause contamination between conditions, while retaining the controlled environment of a laboratory setting.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).