手法を比較

	クラスターランダム化要因実験	要因ランダム化比較試験（Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial）
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s (formalized in group-randomized trial literature)	1926 (Fisher factorial foundations); 2000s–2010s (clinical factorial RCT formalization)
提唱者	David M. Murray and colleagues; Allan Donner & Neil Klar	R. A. Fisher (factorial design foundations); adapted into clinical trials via MOST framework (Collins et al., 2014)
種類	Experimental design	Experimental trial design
原典	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120912	Collins, L. M., Dziak, J. J., Kugler, K. C., & Trail, J. B. (2014). Factorial experiments: Efficient tools for evaluation of intervention components. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(4), 498–504.
別名	cluster-randomized factorial design, group-randomized factorial trial, CRT factorial, clustered factorial experiment	Factorial RCT, factorial trial, multi-factor RCT, factorial experiment with randomization
関連	5	6
概要	A cluster randomized factorial experiment assigns intact groups (clusters such as schools, clinics, or communities) at random to all combinations of two or more treatment factors, enabling simultaneous evaluation of multiple interventions and their interactions while respecting the natural grouping of participants. It merges the logistical and ethical advantages of cluster randomization with the efficiency of factorial design.	A factorial randomized controlled trial (factorial RCT) is an experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to every possible combination of two or more independent factors (treatments or intervention components) simultaneously. This allows researchers to estimate the main effect of each factor and their interactions within a single, efficient trial, rather than running separate experiments for each factor.