手法を比較

	クラスター無作為化比較対照群実験計画	ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1990s (formal methodology development)	1948
提唱者	Murray, D. M.; Donner, A. and Klar, N. (systematic formalization)	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
種類	Experimental design	Interventional comparative study
原典	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340691533	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
別名	CRCT with control group, group-randomized trial, cluster RCT control group design, community randomized controlled trial	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
関連	6	7
概要	A cluster randomized control group experimental design randomly assigns intact groups (clusters) — such as schools, clinics, or communities — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions. At least one cluster group receives no active intervention, serving as the control. This design is essential when individual randomization is impractical or contamination between participants in close proximity is likely.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).