手法を比較

	Clock Drawing Test	Mini-Mental State Examination（MMSE）
分野	Social Gerontology	神経心理学
系統	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2000	1975
提唱者	Kenneth I. Shulman (synthesis and scoring) and earlier clinical neurologists	Marshall Folstein
種類	Brief cognitive screening task for older adults	Clinician-administered cognitive screening instrument
原典	Shulman, K. I. (2000). Clock-drawing: is it the ideal cognitive screening test? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(6), 548-561.	Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198.
別名	CDT, Clock-Drawing Test, Clock Test, Clock Completion Task	MMSE, Folstein MMSE
関連	3	5
概要	The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a brief, widely used cognitive screening task in which a patient draws the face of a clock, places the numbers, and sets the hands to a specified time, most commonly ten past eleven. Despite its simplicity, the task draws on a wide network of cognitive abilities including visuospatial construction, executive planning, abstraction, and semantic memory, so that a poorly executed clock can be an efficient signal of cognitive impairment. In a frequently cited 2000 review, Kenneth Shulman asked whether clock drawing might be the ideal cognitive screening test, surveying its many scoring systems and its strengths and weaknesses. The drawing is rated with a scoring rubric that attends to the clock contour, the numbers, the placement and accuracy of the hands, and spatial or executive errors, and a low score flags the need for fuller assessment. Because it takes only a minute or two, requires only paper and pencil, and is relatively insensitive to language and education, the CDT is popular for screening older adults for dementia in clinics, hospitals, and community settings. It is typically used alongside, not instead of, broader instruments such as the Mini-Mental State Examination or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.	The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a brief, 30-point screening instrument developed by Folstein, Folstein, and McHugh in 1975 to assess cognitive function in clinical settings. It is designed to detect cognitive impairment and monitor cognitive decline over time, particularly in older adults and patients with suspected dementia. The MMSE remains one of the most widely used cognitive screening tools in primary care, neurology, and geriatric medicine worldwide.