手法を比較

	Ecosystem-Service Choice Experiment	Deliberative Monetary Valuation
分野	Environmental Economics	Environmental Economics
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1998	2007
提唱者	Nick Hanley, Robert E. Wright & Vic Adamowicz	Clive L. Spash (and the deliberative-valuation tradition)
種類	Random-utility discrete-choice model for stated-preference valuation	Deliberative pipeline combining group reasoning with monetary valuation
原典	Hanley, N., Wright, R. E., & Adamowicz, V. (1998). Using Choice Experiments to Value the Environment. Environmental and Resource Economics, 11(3-4), 413-428.	Spash, C. L. (2007). Deliberative monetary valuation (DMV): Issues in combining economic and political processes to value environmental change. Ecological Economics, 63(4), 690-699.
別名	Discrete Choice Experiment for Ecosystem Services, Stated-Preference Choice Modelling, Attribute-Based Environmental Valuation, Choice Modelling of Ecosystem Services	Deliberated Willingness to Pay, Group-Based Environmental Valuation, Citizens' Jury Valuation, Social Willingness to Pay
関連	3	3
概要	A discrete choice experiment is a survey-based, stated-preference method for valuing changes in ecosystem services that have no market price. As set out by Hanley, Wright and Adamowicz in 1998, respondents are shown a series of choice sets, each offering alternatives described by a common set of attributes — including environmental features such as water quality, biodiversity, or habitat area, and a cost or price attribute — and asked to pick their preferred option. Grounded in random utility theory and Lancaster's view of goods as bundles of attributes, the method models each choice as the selection of the highest-utility alternative and estimates how much utility each attribute contributes. Dividing an attribute's coefficient by the cost coefficient yields the marginal willingness to pay for that attribute, allowing economists to put a monetary value on ecosystem-service improvements.	Deliberative monetary valuation is a hybrid method that combines the deliberative processes of political theory with the monetary metric of environmental economics, eliciting willingness to pay for environmental change through structured group discussion rather than isolated individual survey responses. In Clive Spash's 2007 analysis, the approach responds to a central criticism of conventional stated-preference methods — that they assume people arrive with well-formed preferences and treat them as private consumers — by giving participants information, time, and the company of others with whom to reason before expressing a value. Deliberation can produce individual willingness-to-pay figures formed through discussion, or genuinely social values agreed by the group acting as citizens. Spash stresses that the resulting numbers can rest on very different ethical bases, from market exchange to fair prices to expressive or arbitrated social judgments, which complicates their interpretation as standard welfare measures.