手法を比較

	カーボンフットプリント分析	環境影響評価
分野	環境工学	環境工学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1993	1970
提唱者	IPCC and life cycle assessment community	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
種類	data collection and modeling pipeline	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline
原典	International Organization for Standardization. (2018). ISO 14044:2006 Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment – Requirements and Guidelines.	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910
別名	GHG accounting, life cycle carbon assessment, carbon inventory, emissions quantification	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment
関連	3	4
概要	Carbon footprint analysis quantifies the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—expressed in CO2-equivalent (CO2e)—attributable to an activity, product, organization, or process. Developed from life cycle assessment (LCA) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodologies, carbon accounting encompasses direct emissions (operations, combustion) and indirect emissions (supply chain, energy consumption, waste). Carbon footprints inform climate mitigation strategies, corporate sustainability reporting, product labeling, and carbon pricing mechanisms.	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.