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	バルク空力フラックス	HYSPLIT
分野	気象学	気象学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1981	1997
提唱者	Large and Pond	Draxler and Hess
種類	Surface flux estimation method	Trajectory and dispersion model
原典	Large, W. G., & Pond, S. (1981). Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11(3), 324-336.	Draxler, R. R., & Hess, G. D. (1997). Description of the HYSPLIT_4 modeling system. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL-224.
別名	Bulk aerodynamic approach, Bulk flux parametrization, Aerodynamic bulk method	HYSPLIT, Hybrid Single-Particle, Lagrangian trajectory model
関連	3	3
概要	The bulk aerodynamic method estimates surface energy and momentum fluxes from standard meteorological observations. Rather than measuring turbulent fluxes directly, it parameterizes them using measurements of wind speed, temperature, and moisture at a reference height (typically 10 m) and surface conditions, multiplied by empirically derived drag and transfer coefficients.	HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model) is a widely used atmospheric transport and dispersion model developed by NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory. It computes air parcel trajectories and pollutant dispersion using Lagrangian tracking to simulate how contaminants and particles move through the atmosphere over hours to weeks.