手法を比較

	ブロック化ソロモン4群デザイン	ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1949 (base); blocking extension applied in behavioral and social sciences from mid-20th century onward	1948
提唱者	Richard L. Solomon (base design, 1949); blocking integrated from classical experimental design tradition (Fisher, 1935)	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
種類	Experimental design	Interventional comparative study
原典	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
別名	Blocked S4G, randomized blocked Solomon design, Solomon four-group with blocking	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
関連	6	7
概要	The blocked Solomon four-group design combines Solomon's classic four-group structure — which disentangles pretest sensitization effects from treatment effects — with blocking on a known nuisance variable. Participants are first grouped into homogeneous blocks (e.g., by baseline ability, gender, or site), then randomly assigned within each block to one of four conditions: pretested treatment, pretested control, unpretested treatment, and unpretested control. This structure simultaneously controls for maturation, pretest reactivity, and block-level variance, making it one of the strongest quasi-controlled experimental frameworks available.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).