手法を比較
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| ブロック化自然実験× | 差分の差 (Difference-in-Differences, DiD)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野≠ | 実験計画法 | 計量経済学 |
| 系統≠ | Process / pipeline | Regression model |
| 提唱年≠ | Blocking: 1935; natural experiments as formal causal framework: 1990s–2000s | 1994 |
| 提唱者≠ | Combines Fisher's blocking principle (1935) with natural experiment methodology formalized by Angrist and Pischke (2009) | Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment) |
| 種類≠ | Quasi-experimental causal design | Causal inference / panel regression |
| 原典 | Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355 | Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355 |
| 別名 | stratified natural experiment, block-stratified quasi-experiment, natural experiment with blocking | diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff) |
| 関連≠ | 3 | 5 |
| 概要≠ | A blocked natural experiment is a quasi-experimental design that exploits naturally occurring, researcher-uncontrolled variation in treatment assignment while pre-stratifying (blocking) units on key observed covariates. Blocking absorbs between-stratum variance, improves statistical precision, and strengthens the plausibility of the as-if-random assumption within each block. The design draws on Fisher's blocking principle and the natural experiment tradition in economics and epidemiology. | Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes. |
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