手法を比較

	Biographical Research	エスノグラフィー
分野	質的手法	質的手法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Late 19th–early 20th century (Dilthey ~1883; Thomas & Znaniecki 1918–1920)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
提唱者	Wilhelm Dilthey (hermeneutic foundations); Thomas & Znaniecki (sociological application); Norman Denzin (interpretive biography)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
種類	Qualitative research method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
原典	Denzin, N. K. (1989). Interpretive Biography. Sage Publications.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
別名	life history research, biographical method, life story research, biographical narrative inquiry	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
関連	6	5
概要	Biographical research is a qualitative method that examines individual lives in depth — through life-history interviews, personal documents, letters, and autobiographical narratives — to understand how personal experience intersects with social, historical, and cultural forces. Rooted in Wilhelm Dilthey's hermeneutics and made prominent in sociology by Thomas and Znaniecki's study of Polish immigrants, it treats the individual life story as a window onto broader social structures and processes. It belongs to the narrative inquiry subfamily alongside oral history and life-story research.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.