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	Beamforming	音声明瞭度
分野	音響学	音響学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1988	1980
提唱者	Van Veen, Barry Buckley	Herman Steeneken, Tammo Houtgast
種類	Directional audio array processing	Speech clarity assessment method
原典	Van Veen, B. D., & Buckley, K. M. (1988). Beamforming: A versatile approach to spatial filtering. IEEE ASSP Magazine, 5(2), 4–24.	Steeneken, H. J., & Houtgast, T. (1980). A physical method for measuring speech-transmission quality. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 67(1), 318–326.
別名	beamformer, spatial filtering, microphone array, phased array	intelligibility metrics, STI, Speech Transmission Index, clarity index
関連	5	5
概要	Beamforming is a spatial signal processing technique that uses microphone arrays to selectively enhance sound from a desired direction while suppressing sounds from other directions. Formalized by Van Veen and Buckley in 1988, beamforming is fundamental to hands-free speech communication, hearing aids, sonar, radar, and spatial audio recording. It enables 'listening' with directional sensitivity despite using omnidirectional microphones, by exploiting time delays and phase differences between array elements.	Speech intelligibility is a quantitative measure of how well listeners understand spoken content in acoustic environments. Formalized by Steeneken and Houtgast in 1980 with the Speech Transmission Index (STI), intelligibility metrics combine room acoustic parameters (RT60, noise, clarity) to predict listener comprehension. Understanding speech intelligibility is essential for designing classrooms, offices, hearing aids, and public address systems where clear communication is critical.