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	Beamforming	聴覚心理学的マスキング
分野	音響学	音響学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1988	1961
提唱者	Van Veen, Barry Buckley	Eberhard Zwicker
種類	Directional audio array processing	Perceptual model for audio systems
原典	Van Veen, B. D., & Buckley, K. M. (1988). Beamforming: A versatile approach to spatial filtering. IEEE ASSP Magazine, 5(2), 4–24.	Zwicker, E., & Scharf, B. (1965). Psychoacoustics: Facts and Models. Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 978-3540631644
別名	beamformer, spatial filtering, microphone array, phased array	masking, temporal masking, frequency masking, auditory masking
関連	5	5
概要	Beamforming is a spatial signal processing technique that uses microphone arrays to selectively enhance sound from a desired direction while suppressing sounds from other directions. Formalized by Van Veen and Buckley in 1988, beamforming is fundamental to hands-free speech communication, hearing aids, sonar, radar, and spatial audio recording. It enables 'listening' with directional sensitivity despite using omnidirectional microphones, by exploiting time delays and phase differences between array elements.	Psychoacoustic masking describes how the human auditory system suppresses the perception of weak sounds in the presence of stronger sounds. Formalized by Eberhard Zwicker in the 1960s, masking is a fundamental phenomenon in hearing and the basis for perceptual audio coding (MP3, AAC, OPUS). Masking occurs both in frequency (spectral masking) and time (temporal masking), and understanding these effects enables efficient audio compression and realistic sound design.