手法を比較

	BCI Motor Imagery	共通空間パターン	EMGエンベロープ	筋シナジー解析
分野	バイオメカニクス	バイオメカニクス	バイオメカニクス	バイオメカニクス
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1999	2000	1999	1999
提唱者	Gert Pfurtscheller	Herbert Ramoser	Roberto Merletti	Marc Tresch
種類	Neural signal processing and decoding pipeline	Spatial filtering and feature extraction	Digital signal processing pipeline	Dimensionality reduction and pattern extraction
原典	Pfurtscheller, G., & Neuper, C. (1999). Motor imagery and direct brain-computer communication. Proceedings of the IEEE, 89(7), 1123-1134.	Ramoser, H., Mueller-Gerking, J., & Pfurtscheller, G. (2000). Optimal spatial filtering of single trial EEG during imagined hand movement. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, 8(4), 441-446.	Phinyomark, A., Quaine, F., Charbonnier, S., & Serviere, C. (2012). Robust EMG feature extraction in the whitespace. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 59(5), 1505-1517.	Tresch, M. C., Saltiel, P., Bizzi, E., & Bizzi, E. (1999). The construction of movement by the spinal cord. Nature Neuroscience, 2(2), 162-167.
別名	Motor imagery BCI, MI-BCI, EEG motor decoding	CSP, Spatial filtering, CSP decomposition	EMG linear envelope, RMS envelope, Activation envelope	Motor synergy, Synergy extraction, Motor primitives
関連	3	3	3	3
概要	Brain-computer interface (BCI) using motor imagery decodes the intent to move from brain activity (typically EEG) recorded while subjects imagine movement without actual muscle contraction. Pioneered by Gert Pfurtscheller and colleagues, motor imagery BCIs enable communication and control for paralyzed patients and enhance motor learning in rehabilitation.	Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) is a spatial filtering technique that identifies electrode combinations that maximize the variance difference between two classes of EEG activity, typically used in brain-computer interfaces to enhance motor imagery discrimination. Introduced by Ramoser and colleagues in 2000, CSP has become a standard feature extraction method in BCI research.	Electromyography (EMG) envelope analysis extracts the amplitude modulation of muscle electrical activity to quantify muscle activation over time. By filtering and demodulating the raw EMG signal, practitioners obtain a smoothed activation profile that reflects when and how intensely a muscle is contracting during movement or fatigue.	Muscle synergy analysis decomposes complex motor behavior into a small set of coactivated muscle groups (synergies or motor primitives). Pioneered by Marc Tresch and colleagues studying frog motor control, this approach reveals how the nervous system simplifies the control of many muscles by organizing them into task-relevant combinations.