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| ベイズ的無作為化臨床試験× | ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野 | 疫学 | 疫学 |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | 1980s–2000s (formal methodology consolidated ~2004–2006) | 1948 (first rigorously conducted RCT — MRC streptomycin trial) |
| 提唱者≠ | Donald A. Berry and David J. Spiegelhalter (applied Bayesian inference formally to RCT design) | Austin Bradford Hill; MRC Streptomycin Trial team |
| 種類≠ | Randomized experimental study with Bayesian inference | Interventional experimental study |
| 原典≠ | Spiegelhalter, D. J., Abrams, K. R., & Myles, J. P. (2004). Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials and Health-Care Evaluation. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471499756 | Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385 |
| 別名 | Bayesian RCT, Bayesian adaptive trial, Bayesian clinical trial design, BRCT | RCT, randomized controlled trial, randomised controlled trial, clinical randomized trial |
| 関連≠ | 5 | 6 |
| 概要≠ | A Bayesian randomized clinical trial (Bayesian RCT) combines the rigour of random treatment allocation with Bayesian statistical inference, allowing researchers to incorporate prior evidence and update beliefs continuously as trial data accumulate. Unlike the classical frequentist RCT, it yields direct probability statements about treatment effects and supports pre-specified adaptive stopping rules based on posterior probabilities. | A randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study design in which participants are randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group, then followed prospectively to compare outcomes. Random allocation is the defining feature: it distributes known and unknown confounders across groups by chance, making the RCT the strongest individual study design for establishing causal efficacy of a treatment or intervention under controlled conditions. |
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