手法を比較

	ベイズ線形回帰	ベイジアンANOVA	ベイズ回帰	マルコフ連鎖モンテカルロ法 (MCMC)
分野	ベイズ	ベイズ	ベイズ	ベイズ
系統	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
提唱年	2013 (modern reference); foundations 18th–19th century	2012	—	—
提唱者	Thomas Bayes / Pierre-Simon Laplace (foundations); modern workflow codified by Gelman et al.	Rouder, Morey, Speckman & Province	—	—
種類	Bayesian linear model	Bayesian hypothesis test / group comparison	Bayesian linear model	Posterior sampling algorithm
原典	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955	Rouder, J. N., Morey, R. D., Speckman, P. L. & Province, J. M. (2012). Default Bayes Factors for ANOVA Designs. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 56(5), 356–374.	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955
別名	bayesian linear model, probabilistic linear regression, Bayesçi Doğrusal Regresyon	bayesian analysis of variance, bayes factor ANOVA, JZS ANOVA, Bayesçi ANOVA — Bayes Faktörü ile Grup Karşılaştırması	bayesian linear regression, probabilistic regression, bayesian regresyon	markov chain monte carlo, MCMC sampling, MCMC (Markov Zinciri Monte Carlo)
関連	4	4	2	3
概要	Bayesian linear regression is a probabilistic extension of the ordinary linear model, introduced through Bayes' rule and formalised in its modern computational workflow by Gelman et al. (2013). Rather than returning a single point estimate for each coefficient, it combines a user-specified prior distribution with the likelihood of the observed data to produce a full posterior distribution over all parameters, from which credible intervals and posterior predictive distributions are derived.	Bayesian ANOVA, formalised by Rouder, Morey, Speckman and Province (2012), tests whether group means differ by quantifying the evidence for the alternative hypothesis relative to the null using the Bayes Factor (BF₁₀). Unlike classical ANOVA, it can also measure evidence in favour of the null hypothesis, making it equally informative when groups do not differ.	Bayesian regression is a probabilistic version of linear regression that treats the model parameters as uncertain quantities. Instead of returning a single best-fit estimate, it combines prior knowledge with the observed data to produce a full posterior probability distribution for each parameter, from which credible intervals and predictions are read off.	Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a family of computational algorithms for sampling from complex probability distributions, most commonly the posterior distributions that arise in Bayesian inference. Rather than computing posteriors analytically — which is rarely possible for realistic models — MCMC constructs a Markov chain whose stationary distribution is the target posterior and draws dependent samples from it, enabling full probabilistic inference for virtually any model.