手法を比較

	欠損値を有するベイズ階層モデル	欠損値を有するギブスサンプリング
分野	ベイズ	ベイズ
系統	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
提唱年	1990s–2000s	1987–1990
提唱者	Gelman, Rubin, Little (and collaborators)	Tanner & Wong (data augmentation), Gelfand & Smith (Gibbs sampler)
種類	Bayesian hierarchical model with missing-data integration	Bayesian computational method
原典	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955	Tanner, M. A. & Wong, W. H. (1987). The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82(398), 528–540.
別名	BHM missing data, multilevel Bayesian missing data model, hierarchical Bayesian imputation, Bayesian multilevel model with incomplete data	data augmentation Gibbs sampler, Gibbs sampler with data augmentation, Bayesian imputation via Gibbs sampling, MCMC missing data imputation
関連	5	6
概要	A Bayesian hierarchical model with missing data treats unobserved values as additional unknowns and samples them jointly with all model parameters from the posterior. The nested structure of the hierarchy borrows strength across groups, while the Bayesian framework naturally propagates uncertainty from missingness through every estimate and prediction.	Gibbs sampling with missing data treats unobserved values as additional unknowns alongside model parameters and samples all of them jointly within a Markov chain Monte Carlo loop. The method alternates between drawing the missing values from their conditional distribution given the parameters and drawing the parameters from their conditional distribution given the completed data, producing a posterior over both simultaneously.