手法を比較

	ベイズ診断精度研究	ベイズ的無作為化臨床試験
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1995–2001	1980s–2000s (formal methodology consolidated ~2004–2006)
提唱者	Joseph, Gyorkos & Coupal; Dendukuri & Joseph (formal Bayesian DTA framework)	Donald A. Berry and David J. Spiegelhalter (applied Bayesian inference formally to RCT design)
種類	Bayesian inferential study design	Randomized experimental study with Bayesian inference
原典	Dendukuri, N., & Joseph, L. (2001). Bayesian approaches to modeling the conditional dependence between multiple diagnostic tests. Biometrics, 57(1), 158–167.	Spiegelhalter, D. J., Abrams, K. R., & Myles, J. P. (2004). Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials and Health-Care Evaluation. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471499756
別名	Bayesian DTA study, Bayesian test evaluation, Bayesian diagnostic test accuracy, BDAS	Bayesian RCT, Bayesian adaptive trial, Bayesian clinical trial design, BRCT
関連	6	5
概要	A Bayesian diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a medical test distinguishes between people who have a condition and those who do not, using Bayesian statistical methods that formally incorporate prior knowledge into the estimation of sensitivity, specificity, and related measures. Unlike classical approaches that rely solely on the observed sample, Bayesian inference combines a likelihood model of the data with prior probability distributions to produce posterior estimates with intuitive credible intervals.	A Bayesian randomized clinical trial (Bayesian RCT) combines the rigour of random treatment allocation with Bayesian statistical inference, allowing researchers to incorporate prior evidence and update beliefs continuously as trial data accumulate. Unlike the classical frequentist RCT, it yields direct probability statements about treatment effects and supports pre-specified adaptive stopping rules based on posterior probabilities.