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	オルタナティブ・メトリクス（Altmetrics）と論文レベル・メトリクス	ORCID研究者識別子
分野	研究スキル	研究スキル
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2010 (concept manifesto); 2011 (Altmetric.com platform launch)	2010 (founding); 2012 (launch)
提唱者	Jason Priem and the altmetrics community (2010)	ORCID Inc., a non-profit founded in 2010 by Liz Haak and others
種類	Tool	Standard
原典	Priem, J., Taraborelli, D., Groth, P., & Neylon, C. (2010). Altmetrics: A manifesto. http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/	Haak, L. L., Fenner, M., Paglione, L., Pentz, E., & Ratner, H. (2012). ORCID: A system to uniquely identify researchers. Learn. Publ., 25(4), 259–264.
別名	altmetrics, article-level metrics, alternative impact metrics	ORCID, researcher identifier, ORCID iD
関連	4	4
概要	Altmetrics (alternative metrics) measure the online attention and societal impact of research by tracking mentions in social media (Twitter), news outlets, policy documents, blogs, videos, and other online sources. Introduced formally in 2010 by Jason Priem and colleagues, altmetrics address limitations of citation-based assessment: citation counts accumulate slowly (taking years for impact to register), do not capture policy influence, and are biased toward certain fields (biomedicine receives more citations than social sciences). Altmetric.com, PlumX, and other platforms now provide real-time data on research reach, complementing traditional journal impact factors and H-indices. While altmetrics should not replace peer-reviewed citations for tenure and promotion, they offer valuable insight into public engagement with research.	ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) is a free, unique, persistent 16-digit identifier assigned to researchers that distinguishes them from others with the same or similar names. Launched in 2012 by ORCID Inc., a non-profit organization, the ORCID system addresses a critical problem in scholarly communication: name ambiguity. Millions of researchers worldwide share names (e.g., 'Smith, J.'). Without a unique identifier, citations and publications are difficult to attribute correctly, author H-indices are miscalculated, and researchers are credit for work they did not do. An ORCID iD is free, permanent, and owned by the researcher; it persists regardless of affiliation changes or career transitions.