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	オルタナティブ・メトリクス（Altmetrics）と論文レベル・メトリクス	デジタルオブジェクト識別子システム
分野	研究スキル	研究スキル
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2010 (concept manifesto); 2011 (Altmetric.com platform launch)	1998 (concept); 2001 (widespread adoption)
提唱者	Jason Priem and the altmetrics community (2010)	Norman Paskin, CrossRef and International DOI Foundation (1998)
種類	Tool	Standard
原典	Priem, J., Taraborelli, D., Groth, P., & Neylon, C. (2010). Altmetrics: A manifesto. http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/	Paskin, N. (2010). Digital Object Identifier (DOI) system. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, 3rd ed., 1586–1592. ISBN: 978-0-8493-9712-7
別名	altmetrics, article-level metrics, alternative impact metrics	DOI, Digital Object Identifier, persistent identifier
関連	4	4
概要	Altmetrics (alternative metrics) measure the online attention and societal impact of research by tracking mentions in social media (Twitter), news outlets, policy documents, blogs, videos, and other online sources. Introduced formally in 2010 by Jason Priem and colleagues, altmetrics address limitations of citation-based assessment: citation counts accumulate slowly (taking years for impact to register), do not capture policy influence, and are biased toward certain fields (biomedicine receives more citations than social sciences). Altmetric.com, PlumX, and other platforms now provide real-time data on research reach, complementing traditional journal impact factors and H-indices. While altmetrics should not replace peer-reviewed citations for tenure and promotion, they offer valuable insight into public engagement with research.	A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique, persistent alphanumeric code that identifies a scholarly work (journal article, book chapter, dataset, preprint) and persists even if the URL changes. Introduced in 1998 by Norman Paskin and the International DOI Foundation, DOIs are now standard in academic publishing. They consist of a prefix (assigned to a publisher or organization) and a suffix (assigned to an individual work), formatted as 10.XXXX/XXXXX (e.g., 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097). DOIs are registered with international agencies (CrossRef, DataCite, mEDRA) and resolve through the centralized resolver https://doi.org/, ensuring that a DOI will direct users to the correct article regardless of whether the publisher's website changes location.