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| エアロゾル光学厚× | 標準化降水量指数 (Standardized Precipitation Index)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野 | 地球物理学 | 地球物理学 |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | 1929 | 1993 |
| 提唱者≠ | Anders Ångström | Thomas McKee, Neil Doesken, and John Kleist |
| 種類≠ | Optical parameter for aerosol loading quantification | Probabilistic drought indicator |
| 原典≠ | Ångström, A. (1929). On the atmospheric transmission of sun radiation and on dust in the air. Geografiska Annaler, 11(2), 156-166. DOI ↗ | McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., & Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, 179-184. link ↗ |
| 別名≠ | AOD, Aerosol Optical Thickness | SPI |
| 関連 | 3 | 3 |
| 概要≠ | Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is a dimensionless measure of aerosol light extinction in the atmosphere, quantifying how much sunlight is scattered and absorbed by particles suspended in air. Formalized by Ångström in 1929 and now routinely measured via satellite (MODIS, Sentinel-5P) and ground networks (AERONET), AOD is essential for air quality monitoring, climate forcing assessment, and visibility prediction. | The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a climate index that quantifies precipitation anomalies relative to historical norms, standardized to account for differences in precipitation climatology across regions. Introduced by McKee, Doesken, and Kleist in 1993, SPI has become a primary tool for drought detection and characterization, adopted by meteorological agencies worldwide for operational drought monitoring and early warning systems. |
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