手法を比較

	適応的無作為化比較試験	用量反応分析
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Late 1990s–2000s (widespread adoption post-2010)	Conceptual roots 16th century; modern epidemiological application mid-20th century
提唱者	Donald Berry and colleagues; formalized by FDA guidance in 2010 and 2019	Paracelsus (conceptual foundation); formalized by John Snow and later Bradford Hill
種類	Experimental clinical trial design	Quantitative analytical method
原典	Berry, D. A. (2006). Bayesian clinical trials. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 5(1), 27–36.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	adaptive RCT, adaptive trial design, response-adaptive randomization trial, adaptive clinical trial	exposure-response analysis, concentration-response modeling, dose-response modeling, DRA
関連	6	4
概要	An adaptive randomized clinical trial (adaptive RCT) is a prospective experimental study that uses pre-specified rules to modify one or more trial aspects — such as sample size, allocation ratios, or treatment arms — based on accumulating data collected during the trial itself, while maintaining statistical validity and integrity of the study.	Dose-response analysis quantifies the relationship between the magnitude of an exposure (the dose) and the probability or rate of an outcome (the response). It is a core analytical strategy in epidemiology and toxicology, providing evidence that increasing exposure systematically increases — or decreases — the risk of disease. A demonstrated dose-response gradient is one of Bradford Hill's classic criteria supporting causal inference.