手法を比較

	適応的無作為化比較試験	ベイズ的無作為化臨床試験
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Late 1990s–2000s (widespread adoption post-2010)	1980s–2000s (formal methodology consolidated ~2004–2006)
提唱者	Donald Berry and colleagues; formalized by FDA guidance in 2010 and 2019	Donald A. Berry and David J. Spiegelhalter (applied Bayesian inference formally to RCT design)
種類	Experimental clinical trial design	Randomized experimental study with Bayesian inference
原典	Berry, D. A. (2006). Bayesian clinical trials. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 5(1), 27–36.	Spiegelhalter, D. J., Abrams, K. R., & Myles, J. P. (2004). Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials and Health-Care Evaluation. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471499756
別名	adaptive RCT, adaptive trial design, response-adaptive randomization trial, adaptive clinical trial	Bayesian RCT, Bayesian adaptive trial, Bayesian clinical trial design, BRCT
関連	6	5
概要	An adaptive randomized clinical trial (adaptive RCT) is a prospective experimental study that uses pre-specified rules to modify one or more trial aspects — such as sample size, allocation ratios, or treatment arms — based on accumulating data collected during the trial itself, while maintaining statistical validity and integrity of the study.	A Bayesian randomized clinical trial (Bayesian RCT) combines the rigour of random treatment allocation with Bayesian statistical inference, allowing researchers to incorporate prior evidence and update beliefs continuously as trial data accumulate. Unlike the classical frequentist RCT, it yields direct probability statements about treatment effects and supports pre-specified adaptive stopping rules based on posterior probabilities.