手法を比較

	適応型事前検査・事後検査実験計画	適応的無作為化比較試験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2000s (integration of adaptive principles with classic pre-post structure)	1980s–2000s (formalized; earlier sequential testing roots from Wald, 1947)
提唱者	Synthesizes Campbell & Stanley (1963) pretest-posttest framework with adaptive design methodology formalized by Chow & Chang (2000s)	Donald Berry and others; foundational adaptive trial methods developed through 1980s–2000s biostatistics literature
種類	Experimental design	Experimental design — adaptive variant of RCT
原典	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584887690
別名	adaptive pre-post design, adaptive pretest-posttest trial, adaptive two-period design, pre-post adaptive experiment	Adaptive RCT, Response-adaptive RCT, Adaptive clinical trial, Platform trial
関連	6	6
概要	An adaptive pretest-posttest experimental design measures all participants before and after an intervention while allowing pre-specified modifications to the trial — such as sample size re-estimation, treatment arm dropping, or randomization ratio adjustment — based on accumulated interim data. It combines the interpretive power of change-score analysis with the efficiency gains and ethical safeguards of adaptive methodology, making it particularly valuable in clinical, educational, and behavioral research where early data can inform better resource allocation.	An adaptive randomized controlled trial (adaptive RCT) is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow modifications to the trial while it is ongoing — such as changing allocation ratios, dropping underperforming arms, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — based on accumulating interim data. These adaptations are planned before the trial starts and governed by statistical rules to preserve Type I error control and validity.