手法を比較

	適応型症例対照研究	症例対照研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Base design 1977; adaptive extensions from 1990s onward	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
提唱者	Nested case-control: D. C. Thomas (1977); adaptive design framework: Peter Bauer & Klaus Kohne (1994)	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
種類	Observational epidemiological study with adaptive design elements	Observational analytic study design
原典	Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491.	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
別名	adaptive NCC, adaptive nested case-referent study, dynamic nested case-control, sequential nested case-control	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
関連	6	6
概要	An adaptive nested case-control study embeds a case-control comparison within a defined cohort and incorporates pre-specified interim decision rules that allow modifications — such as control-to-case ratio adjustment or biomarker sub-sampling revision — based on accumulating data, without compromising the study's validity or inflating type I error. The design combines the efficiency of the nested case-control framework with the flexibility of adaptive methodology to optimise resource use when exposure assessment is costly.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.