手法を比較

	適応的フィールド実験	フィールド実験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s–2000s (formalized in field economics and development research contexts)	1920s–1930s (agriculture); 1990s–2000s (social sciences)
提唱者	Developed at the intersection of adaptive trial methodology (Berry, Bauer) and field experimentation (Duflo, Kremer, List)	Formalized by R. A. Fisher (1935); systematized in social sciences by Harrison & List (2004)
種類	Adaptive experimental design conducted in naturalistic settings	Experimental design
原典	Berry, D. A. (2004). Bayesian statistics and the efficiency and ethics of clinical trials. Statistical Science, 19(1), 175–187.	Harrison, G. W., & List, J. A. (2004). Field experiments. Journal of Economic Literature, 42(4), 1009–1055.
別名	adaptive field trial, sequentially adaptive field experiment, responsive field experiment, adaptive randomized field study	field trial, natural field experiment, randomized field experiment, field RCT
関連	6	5
概要	An adaptive field experiment is a randomized study conducted in a real-world environment in which pre-specified decision rules allow the researcher to modify the trial as interim data accumulate — for example, by reallocating participants toward more effective arms, adjusting sample size, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — all while maintaining statistical integrity.	A field experiment applies the logic of a randomized controlled trial in a naturally occurring, real-world environment rather than an artificial laboratory. Participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions while going about everyday activities, allowing researchers to estimate causal effects with high internal validity while preserving a level of ecological realism that laboratory settings cannot offer. The design is especially prominent in economics, public health, political science, and development research.