手法を比較

	適応型生態学的研究	生態学的研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s–2000s (adaptive extensions of classical ecological designs)	19th century (Snow 1854); formalised mid-20th century
提唱者	Building on classical ecological epidemiology (Durkheim, Snow, Morgenstern); adaptive extensions developed in late 20th–early 21st century methodological literature	Various; foundational work by John Snow (1854) and systematised in modern form by Brian MacMahon and colleagues
種類	Observational study design	Observational epidemiological study
原典	Morgenstern, H. (1998). Ecologic studies. In K. J. Rothman & S. Greenland (Eds.), Modern Epidemiology (2nd ed., pp. 459–480). Lippincott-Raven.	Morgenstern, H. (1995). Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods. Annual Review of Public Health, 16(1), 61–81.
別名	adaptive ecologic study, sequential ecological study, adaptive population-level design, adaptive group-level study	aggregate study, correlational study, ecological correlation study, population-level study
関連	3	5
概要	An adaptive ecological study is an observational epidemiological design in which the unit of analysis is a group or population (e.g., a region, country, or community) rather than an individual. It extends the classical ecological study by incorporating pre-specified interim decision rules that allow modifications — such as changes in geographic unit, time window, or exposure categorisation — as data accumulate, while preserving overall inferential validity. The design is used to explore population-level associations between aggregate exposures and aggregate outcomes.	An ecological study is an observational epidemiological design in which the unit of analysis is a group or population — a country, region, city, or time period — rather than an individual. Exposures and outcomes are measured as aggregates (rates, proportions, or means) and then correlated across groups to generate or evaluate hypotheses about population-level associations between risk factors and disease.