手法を比較

	適応型症例対照研究	適応的無作為化比較試験
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1950s (base design); adaptive extensions developed from the 1970s–1990s	Late 1990s–2000s (widespread adoption post-2010)
提唱者	Builds on Doll & Hill (1950s) case-control foundations; adaptive elements drawn from sequential analysis (Wald, 1947) and group-sequential methods (Armitage, 1975)	Donald Berry and colleagues; formalized by FDA guidance in 2010 and 2019
種類	Adaptive observational epidemiological design	Experimental clinical trial design
原典	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Berry, D. A. (2006). Bayesian clinical trials. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 5(1), 27–36.
別名	adaptive case-control design, sequential case-control study, adaptive observational study, dynamic case-control study	adaptive RCT, adaptive trial design, response-adaptive randomization trial, adaptive clinical trial
関連	6	6
概要	An adaptive case-control study is a case-control design that incorporates pre-specified rules allowing modification of study parameters — such as sample size, case-to-control ratio, or matching criteria — based on interim data, without compromising validity. It combines the efficiency of adaptive methodology with the retrospective exposure-ascertainment logic of classical case-control research, enabling investigators to respond to emerging evidence while the study is ongoing.	An adaptive randomized clinical trial (adaptive RCT) is a prospective experimental study that uses pre-specified rules to modify one or more trial aspects — such as sample size, allocation ratios, or treatment arms — based on accumulating data collected during the trial itself, while maintaining statistical validity and integrity of the study.