手法を比較

	Accessibility Audit	Universal Design Evaluation	Web Accessibility Evaluation
分野	Disability Studies	Disability Studies	Disability Studies
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2001	1998	2008
提唱者	Center for Universal Design (Story, Mueller & Mace); WHO ICF environmental-factors framework	Molly Follette Story, James L. Mueller & Ronald L. Mace (Center for Universal Design)	Ben Caldwell, Michael Cooper, Loretta Guarino Reid & Gregg Vanderheiden (W3C WCAG Working Group)
種類	Barrier-survey and remediation-prioritization pipeline	Conformance-appraisal pipeline for inclusive design	Conformance-assessment pipeline for digital accessibility
原典	Story, M. F., Mueller, J. L., & Mace, R. L. (1998). The Universal Design File: Designing for People of All Ages and Abilities. Raleigh, NC: Center for Universal Design, NC State University.	Story, M. F., Mueller, J. L., & Mace, R. L. (1998). The Universal Design File: Designing for People of All Ages and Abilities. Raleigh, NC: Center for Universal Design, NC State University.	Caldwell, B., Cooper, M., Reid, L. G., & Vanderheiden, G. (2008). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. W3C Recommendation.
別名	Built-Environment Access Audit, Barrier Survey, Access Compliance Audit, Physical Accessibility Inspection	Seven Principles Evaluation, Inclusive Design Appraisal, Design-for-All Assessment, Universal Usability Review	WCAG Conformance Evaluation, Digital Accessibility Assessment, Web Content Accessibility Review, POUR Conformance Audit
関連	2	2	2
概要	An accessibility audit is a systematic survey of a built environment that measures its features against accessibility standards or codes to identify, classify, and prioritize barriers facing disabled people. The auditor inspects elements along the chain of use—approach and parking, the entrance, internal circulation, sanitary facilities, signage, and controls—taking concrete measurements such as door clear widths, ramp gradients, and reach ranges. These measurements are checked against the criteria in the governing standard, and any element that falls outside the required range is recorded as a barrier. Barriers are then classified by severity and turned into a ranked remediation plan. Framed by the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, the audit treats the physical environment as an environmental factor that can either enable participation or, when it imposes barriers, produce disability.	Universal design evaluation appraises products, environments, and systems against the seven principles of universal design so that they are usable by the widest possible range of people without the need for adaptation or specialized design. The framework was codified in 1998 by Molly Follette Story, James Mueller, and Ronald Mace at the Center for Universal Design, who paired each principle with concrete guidelines and performance-measure checklists. Rather than retrofitting accommodations for a presumed average user, the method treats the full spectrum of human ability, age, size, and circumstance as the design target from the outset. Evaluation proceeds by specifying that user range, checking the design against the seven principles, observing diverse users in realistic tasks, and rating conformance principle by principle. The result is a prioritized set of design revisions that move a product toward inclusive, equitable use.	Web accessibility evaluation assesses how well digital content conforms to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines so that it can be used by people with a wide range of disabilities. WCAG 2.0, published as a W3C Recommendation in 2008 by Caldwell, Cooper, Reid, and Vanderheiden, organizes requirements under four principles—content must be Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (POUR)—each broken into testable success criteria graded at conformance levels A, AA, and AAA. A rigorous evaluation combines three complementary methods: automated tools that scan for machine-detectable issues, manual expert inspection against the success criteria, and testing with assistive technologies such as screen readers and keyboard-only navigation. The evaluation determines whether the content satisfies all success criteria up to a target level and yields a conformance claim. Because no single method catches every barrier, the strength of the assessment lies in layering all three.