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	zk-STARK	Crittografia basata su reticoli	zk-SNARK
Campo	Crittografia	Crittografia	Crittografia
Famiglia	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Anno di origine	2018	1996	2014
Ideatore	Eli Ben-Sasson	Miklós Ajtai	Eli Ben-Sasson
Tipo	transparent zero-knowledge argument of knowledge	public-key cryptosystem based on lattice hardness	zero-knowledge argument of knowledge
Fonte seminale	Ben-Sasson, E., Bentov, I., Horesh, Y., & Riabzev, M. (2019). Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity. In IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2018/046.	Ajtai, M. (1996). Generating hard instances of the short basis problem. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 99-108.	Ben-Sasson, E., Chiesa, A., Garman, C., Green, M., Miers, I., Tromer, E., & Virza, M. (2014). Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 459-474.
Alias	zk-STARK, transparent argument of knowledge, STARK	lattice cryptography, post-quantum lattice cryptography	zk-SNARK, zero-knowledge proof, SNARK
Correlati	3	3	3
Sintesi	A zk-STARK (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge) is a cryptographic proof system allowing a prover to convince a verifier of a computation's correctness without trusted setup or revealing computational details. Introduced by Ben-Sasson and colleagues in 2018, zk-STARKs address a key limitation of zk-SNARKs: they require no preprocessing phase vulnerable to corruption. Instead, STARKs rely only on cryptographic hash functions, making them simpler, more transparent, and believed to be post-quantum secure.	Lattice-based cryptography is a class of cryptosystems whose security is derived from the computational hardness of lattice problems, particularly the shortest vector problem (SVP) and learning with errors (LWE). First proposed by Miklós Ajtai in 1996, lattice-based approaches have gained prominence as the leading candidates for post-quantum cryptography. Unlike RSA and ECC, which are vulnerable to quantum computers, lattice problems are believed to remain hard even against quantum algorithms.	A zk-SNARK (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) is a cryptographic proof system that allows a prover to convince a verifier that a statement is true without revealing any information beyond the statement's validity. The acronym describes its key properties: it requires no interaction, proofs are short (succinct), and verification is efficient. zk-SNARKs were popularized by their application in the Zcash cryptocurrency but have since found use in blockchain scaling solutions, privacy-preserving computations, and verifiable computing.