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	Ottimizzazione del layout delle cave sotterranee	Criterio di rottura di Hoek-Brown	Lerchs-Grossmann Algorithm	Sistema RMR (Rock Mass Rating)
Campo	Ingegneria mineraria	Ingegneria mineraria	Ingegneria mineraria	Ingegneria mineraria
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1960	1980	1965	1973
Ideatore	Mining Engineering Practice	Evert Hoek and E. T. Brown	Helmut Lerchs and Israel Grossmann	Zbigniew T. Bieniawski
Tipo	Optimization framework for underground mine excavation design	Empirical criterion for rock mass strength prediction	Graph-theoretic algorithm for pit limit optimization	Empirical classification for geotechnical engineering
Fonte seminale	Brady, B. H. G., & Brown, E. T. (2004). Rock mechanics for underground mining. Springer Science+Business Media.	Hoek, E., & Brown, E. T. (2002). The Hoek-Brown failure criterion and GSI: 2018 update. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 10(2), 445-463.	Lerchs, H., & Grossmann, I. F. (1965). Optimum design of open-pit mines. Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin, 58(633), 47-54.	Bieniawski, Z. T. (1989). Engineering rock mass classifications. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0-471-60437-4
Alias	Stope Design, Underground Mine Layout, Panel Design	Generalized Hoek-Brown Criterion, HB Criterion	Lerchs-Grossmann Method, LG Algorithm	RMR, Bieniawski Classification, RMR89
Correlati	3	3	4	3
Sintesi	Stope layout optimization is the process of designing the size, shape, and spatial arrangement of underground mine excavations (stopes) to maximize ore recovery while maintaining safety and economic viability. It balances the desire for large extraction volumes against rock mechanics constraints and support costs. The layout determines mining productivity, capital investment in support systems, and long-term mine life.	The Hoek-Brown Criterion, developed by Evert Hoek and E. T. Brown starting in 1980, is an empirical failure criterion that predicts the shear strength of rock masses as a function of confining pressure. It accounts for rock quality (via the Geological Strength Index, GSI) and thus bridges laboratory rock mechanics and field behavior. The criterion is widely used in mining for slope stability, pillar design, and stress analysis.	The Lerchs-Grossmann Algorithm is a graph-theoretic method for determining the ultimate pit limit in open-pit mining operations. Introduced by Helmut Lerchs and Israel Grossmann in 1965, it maximizes the net present value of extracted ore while respecting slope stability constraints. This algorithm forms the theoretical foundation for most modern pit optimization software.	The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system, developed by Zbigniew Bieniawski starting in 1973, is an empirical classification that characterizes rock mass quality and estimates mining and civil engineering behavior. RMR combines five measurable geotechnical parameters into a single index ranging from 0 to 100, where higher values indicate stronger, more stable rock masses. It is the most widely used rock classification system worldwide for underground mining design.