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	Controllo Statistico di Processo	Analisi delle Modalità e degli Effetti dei Guasti (FMEA)
Campo	Disegno sperimentale	Disegno sperimentale
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1924–1931	1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s
Ideatore	Walter A. Shewhart	U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949)
Tipo	Process monitoring and quality control method	Proactive risk analysis technique
Fonte seminale	Shewhart, W. A. (1931). Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product. Van Nostrand. ISBN: 978-0873890762	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989
Alias	SPC, statistical quality control, process control charting, Shewhart control	FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis
Correlati	6	6
Sintesi	Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a data-driven quality method that uses statistical techniques — primarily control charts — to monitor a manufacturing or service process over time. By distinguishing natural process variation (common cause) from unusual, actionable variation (special cause), SPC enables practitioners to maintain processes in a stable, predictable state and to detect problems early, before defective output reaches customers.	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes.