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	Robust Universal Kriging	Krigaggio Universale (Krigaggio con Tendenza)
Campo	Analisi spaziale	Analisi spaziale
Famiglia	Regression model	Regression model
Anno di origine	1980s–1990s	1969
Ideatore	Developed through contributions of Cressie, Genton, and Rousseeuw in geostatistics and robust statistics	Georges Matheron
Tipo	Spatial interpolation model	Geostatistical interpolation with spatial trend
Fonte seminale	Cressie, N. A. C. (1993). Statistics for Spatial Data (revised ed.). Wiley-Interscience, New York. ISBN: 978-0471002550	Matheron, G. (1963). Principles of geostatistics. Economic Geology, 58(8), 1246–1266.
Alias	RUK, robust kriging with external drift, outlier-resistant universal kriging, robust geostatistical regression kriging	kriging with a trend, kriging with drift, trend kriging, evrensel kriging
Correlati	4	3
Sintesi	Robust Universal Kriging (RUK) is a geostatistical interpolation method that combines a spatially varying deterministic trend with a stochastic residual surface, while using robust estimators to protect the variogram and trend coefficients from the distorting influence of outlying observations.	Universal kriging generalizes ordinary kriging to data whose mean varies systematically across space — a spatial trend or 'drift'. It models the mean as a function of the coordinates (or covariates) and krigs the residuals, so it can interpolate variables that drift in a preferred direction, such as temperature falling with latitude or a pollutant gradient, while still returning prediction variances.