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Esamina i metodi selezionati fianco a fianco; le righe che differiscono sono evidenziate.
| Analisi retrospettiva dei rischi concorrenti× | Analisi di sopravvivenza retrospettiva× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Epidemiologia | Epidemiologia |
| Famiglia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Anno di origine≠ | 1978 (cause-specific); 1999 (subdistribution/Fine-Gray) | 1970s–1980s (retrospective variant established) |
| Ideatore≠ | Fine & Gray (subdistribution model); Prentice et al. (cause-specific framework) | Kaplan & Meier (foundational estimator, 1958); Cox (regression model, 1972); retrospective application is a design variant documented since the 1970s |
| Tipo≠ | Retrospective observational survival analysis | Retrospective observational analytical study |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Fine, J. P., & Gray, R. J. (1999). A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 496–509. DOI ↗ | Collett, D. (2015). Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439856789 |
| Alias | retrospective CRA, competing risks survival analysis (retrospective), cause-specific hazard analysis (retrospective), subdistribution hazard analysis (retrospective) | historical survival study, retrospective time-to-event analysis, retrospective follow-up survival study, archival survival analysis |
| Correlati≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Sintesi≠ | Retrospective competing risks analysis applies competing risks methodology to historical (already-collected) time-to-event data in which subjects can experience one of several mutually exclusive endpoints. It uses the cumulative incidence function and cause-specific or subdistribution hazard models to estimate the probability of each event type while accounting for the fact that occurrence of one event permanently precludes the others. Widely used in oncology, cardiology, and transplant medicine where administrative or registry records are the data source. | Retrospective survival analysis applies time-to-event statistical methods — most commonly the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards regression — to data collected from past records rather than through prospective follow-up. The researcher looks back at medical records, disease registries, or administrative databases to reconstruct each patient's journey from a defined starting point (e.g., diagnosis or surgery) to an outcome of interest (e.g., death, relapse, or hospital readmission), making it a cost-efficient approach for studying prognosis and risk factors when prospective follow-up is not feasible. |
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